|
e/;
Hkkjr esa lks;kchu [kjhQ ds ekSle esa ,d okf.kfT;d frygu Qly ds :i
esa LFkkfir gqbZ gSA fryguksa esa lks;kchu dk LFkku ewaxQyh o ljlksa ds i'pkr
rhljk gSA lks;kchu {ks=
,oa mRiknu esa e/;izns'k dk izFke LFkku gS (djhc&djhc
75 izfr'kr mRiknu)
blhfy;s e/;izns'k dks ^lks;k&jkT;* ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA lks;kchu dh dk'r dk ckdh jdck e/;izns'k dh lhek ij fLFkr
jkT;ksa (egkjk"V~z]
jktLFkku] mRrj izns'k)
esa vf/kd gSA blds vfrfjDr nf{k.k Hkkjrh; dukZVd vka/kzizns'k o rfeukMq {ks=
esa Hkh bldks mxk;k tkrk gSA lks;kchu mRiknu dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr
dks ikWap d`f"k ifjfLFkfrdh; e.Myksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
izR;sd e.My esa izpfyr Qly i)fr;ksa dh igpku fofHkUu e.Myksa
esa fd;s x;s iz{ks=h; izn'kZuksa ds vk/kkj ij dh xbZ (rkfydk&1)A
rkfydk & 1
|
e.My
|
izns'k
,oa izns'kksa
esa {ks=
|
eq[; o
vU; Qlysa
|
Qly&i)fr
|
|
e/; {ks=
|
|
eq[;
vU;
|
lks;kchu&xsgwWa
(flafpr)
lks;kchu&puk
(vflafpr)
lks;kchu&vkyw
(flafpr)
lks;kchu
(t-i-)&yglwu
(fla-)
lks;kchu
(t-i-)&dqlqe
(vfla-)
lks;kchu
(t-i-)&jkbZ&ljlksa
lks;kchu&elwj
|
|
nf{k.kh {ks=
|
dukZVdk] rfeyukMq] vka/kz izns'k]
dsjyk] egkjk"Vz~ dk nf{k.kh Hkkx
|
eq[;
vU;
|
lks;kchu&xsgwWa&ewaxQyh
(fla-)
lks;kchu&fQaxj
feysV
(,Q-,e-)
lks;kchu&xsgwWa&eVj
(fla-)
tbZ&yksfc;k&tkS&lks;kchu
(fla-)
|
|
mRrjh&eSnkuh {ks=
|
iatkc] gfj;k.kk] fnYyh] mRrj izns'k
ds mRrj&iwoZ eSnkuh {ks= ,oa if'peh fcgkj
|
eq[;
|
lks;kchu&xsgwWa
(fla-)
lks;kchu&vkyw
(fla-)
lks;kchu&puk
(fla-)
|
|
mRrjh igkM+h vkSj mRrj&iwoZ {ks=
|
fgekpy izns'k ,oa mRrj izns'k ds
mRrj igkM+h {ks=] vklke] if'pe caxky] fcgkj rFkk es?kky;
|
eq[;
vU;
|
lks;kchu&xsgwWa (fla-)
lks;kchu&eVj
lks;kchu&elqj (vfla-)
lks;kchu&rksfj;k (vfla-)
|
lzksr % frokjh ,oa vU; (1999)-
lks;kchu ds dqy jdcs esa ns'k dk e/; {ks= 90 izfr'kr rd dk ;ksxnku j[krk
gSA bl {ks= esa lks;kchu ds i'pkr xsgwWa rFkk puk jch ekSle dh eq[;
Qlysa gSA vr% lks;kchu&xsgwWa
,oa lks;kchu&puk bu nks i)fr;ksa dk vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k
jk-lks-vuq-dsUnz ij fd;s tk jgs iz;ksxksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k (rkfydk 2 vkSj 3)A
tc
ge Qly i)fr dk vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k djus dh ckr djrs gS rks ges'kk
ge nks Qlyksa esa rqyukRed ykHknk;drk dk vkadyu dj fdlh ,d Qly ds {ks=
esa o`f) rFkk fdlh ,d Qly ds {ks= esa deh dh vuq'kalk dj nsrs gSA
ysfdu okLro esa ;g vuq'kalk dh i)fr fodflr ns'kksa dh d`f"k ds
fy;s ekU; gks ldrh gS ysfdu Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'k ds fy;s ughA
mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij lks;kchu mRikfnr {ks=ksa esa lks;kchu vk/kkfjr
3&4 eq[; Qly i)fr;kWa izekf.kr gS rFkk ml n'kk esa ,d Qly esa u=tu
dk mi;ksx ;k lks;kchu Qly }kjk u=tu dk fLFkjhdj.k dk Qk;nk i'pkrorhZ
Qly dks Hkh feyrk gSA ml
n'kk esa HkkSfrd rFkk vkfFkZd n`f"V ls fdlh ,d Qly dk vkfFkZd
fo'ys"k.k dj lEiw.kZ Qly&i)fr dh vkfFkZd mRikndrk fu/kkZfjr
djuk laHko ugha gksrk gS] D;ksafd fofHkUu iz{ks=ksa ij rduhdh
vaxhdj.k dk Lrj rFkk lks;kchu vk/kkfjr vU; Qly i)fr ls fHkUu gksrh
gSA
d`f"k
mRiknu i)fr dk vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k eq[;r;k fuEufyf[kr vk/kkjksa
ij fd;k tkrk gSA
(v)
vfrfjDr ykxr vfrfjDr vk; fl)kar (O;kogkfjd
,oa vuqdwyrk vuqla/kku iz;ksxksa esa)
(c)
vkaf'kd vk;&O;;d (nks
m|eksa esa rqyuk djus ds fy;s)
(l)
iw.kZ vk;&O;;d (laiw.kZ
iz{ks= dh ykHknk;drk Kkr djus gsrq)
d`f"k
mRiknu esa ykHknk;drk dk vkdyu mRiknksa ds iz{ks=h; dherksa ,oa
vknkuksa ds ewY;ksa ds vk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA
vk;&O;; vuqikr dk vkadyu izfr :i;k [kpsZ ij izfrQy Kkr
djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA lkekU;rk d`"kd mu Qly&i)fr;ksa dks vaxhd`r djrs gS
tks lhfer lalk/kuksa ls vf/kdre vk; iznku djsa ,oa rduhdh vk/kkj ij
fdlku ds d`f"k&ifjfLFkrhdh; okrkoj.k ds vuq:i gksA blfy;s] Qly&i)fr dk vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k vkxr&mRikn
ewY; esa mrkj&p<+ko] fLFkj ,oa vfLFkj iwath dh ek=k ,oa Qly
mRikndrk ds vk/kkj ij Bksl gksuk vko';d gSA
D;ksafd] vR;f/kd ykHk ;k gkfu dk vkadyu =qfViw.kZ vuq'kalk
dks tUe ns ldrk gSA
orZeku
fo'oO;kih cktkj voLFkk esa Qly dh ykHknk;drk vknkuksa rFkk mRikn dh
vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr;ksa ij Hkh dkQh lhek rd fuHkZj djrh gSA
tSlk fd ge orZeku esa rSyh; Qlyksa esa ns[k jgs gSA
lkekU;
rkSj ij fdlkuksa }kjk mRiknu vknkuksa dh x.kuk esa dbZ mRiknu
vknkuksa ds ewY;kadu dks] fo'ks"k rkSj ij fLFkj iwath ls lacaf/kr
vknkuksa dks vkSj dqN vfLFkj iwath dh vknkuksa dks ftuesa ls dqN
mRiknu ykxr esa [kkl ;ksxnku j[krs gS] lkFk gh nh?kkZof/k esa
d`f"k O;oLFkk dks izHkkfor djrs gSA
blhfy;s ;g vko';d gS fd dqN ekud vk; ,oa O;; ekid dk iz;ksx
dj Qly&i)fr dk vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkosA
d`f"k O;; ,oa ewY; vk;ksx }kjk vuq'kaflr ykxr ,oa vk; ds
ekid Qly mRiknu dh ykHknk;drk Kkr djus ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;s tkrs
gS vkSj ;g O;; vkadyu Qlyksa ds U;wure leFkZu ewY; ?kksf"kr
djus dk ,d vk/kkj gksrk gSA vfrfjDr
ykxr rFkk vfrfjDr vk; i)fr izk;ksfxd ijh{k.kksa ds fy;s mfpr gS
D;ksafd bl fLFkfr esa flQZ ijh{k.kksa dh ykxr gh fHkUu gksrh gS vkSj
vk; Hkh izR;sd ijh{k.k ij izkIr mit&varj ij fuHkZj gksrh gSA
lks;kchu
vk/kkfjr Qly i)fr dk vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k tks fd fiNys 5
o"kksZ esa fd;s tk jgs iz;ksxksa ij vk/kkfjr gS dks fuEufyf[kr
rkfydkvksa esa n’kkZ;k x;k gSA
rkfydk&2- fofHkUu Qly i)fr;ksa
esa lks;kchu rqY; mit (fDoa-@gs-)
Qly
i)fr
&&&&&&&&&&&
[kjhQ
jch
|
Qly
mit
&&&&&&&&&&&
[kjhQ
jch
|
jch Qly dh lks;kchu rqY; mit
|
dqy lks;kchu rqY; mit
|
Js.kh
|
|
lks;kchu
& xsgwWa
|
11-61
|
25-94
|
14-33
|
33-10
|
II
|
|
lks;kchu
& puk
|
12-29
|
7-20
|
11-08
|
23-37
|
V
|
|
lks;kchu
& dqlqe
|
10-81
|
11-65
|
23-26
|
34-07
|
I
|
|
lks;kchu
& vylh
|
12-01
|
10-14
|
18-00
|
30-01
|
III
|
|
lks;kchu
& ljlksa
|
12-27
|
8-84
|
12-57
|
24-85
|
IV
|
lzksr
% jk-lks-vuq-dsUnz]
bUnkSj] lL; foKku foHkkx }kjk Qly i)fr ij fd;s x;s iz;ksxksa ds vk/kkj
ij
rkfydk&3- fofHkUu Qly i)fr;ksa
esa ykxr ,oa vk; dk vkadyu
(:-@gs-)
|
Qly i)fr
&&&&&&&&&&&
[kjhQ
jch
|
lks;kchu rqY; mit
|
mRiknu ykxr
|
dqy vk;
|
’kq) vk;
|
vk;&O;; vuqikr
|
|
lks;kchu
& xsgwWa (fla-)
|
33-10
|
12800
|
27970
|
15170
|
1-84
|
|
lks;kchu
& puk
|
23-37
|
12460
|
19784
|
7288
|
1-58
|
|
lks;kchu
& dqlqe
|
34-07
|
10870
|
28789
|
17919
|
2-65
|
|
lks;kchu
& vylh
|
30-01
|
10500
|
25358
|
14858
|
2-41
|
|
lks;kchu
& ljlksa
|
24-85
|
11420
|
20998
|
9578
|
1-84
|
flQZ
vfLFkj ykxrksa ds vk/kkj ij-
|
